不同于毛玻璃等固态散射介质静止不变的特点，浑浊介质对光束的散射作用同时体现在空间及时间上，当浑浊介质动态变化时，大多数的传统散射成像方法失效。针对以上问题，文中采用了一种基于深度学习恢复散斑图像的方法，研究了浑浊介质中，不同散射介质及散射介质浓度不同的条件下，神经网络的图像恢复效果，并利用不同浓度散射介质获得的散斑图像混合训练测试神经网络的泛化能力。实验结果表明，在不同散射介质及散射介质浓度不同的条件下，该网络均能够根据散斑图像获得较高保真度的恢复图像，且在不同浓度散射介质的散斑图像混合训练的情况下，网络泛化能力及鲁棒性强。

为解决分布式拉曼光纤传感系统中光纤损耗及变化带来的测温误差，提出一种带温控光纤环校正双端注入环形结构的解决方案。该方案从光纤两端分时采集得到反斯托克斯拉曼散射信号相乘并进行几何平均，消除了波长相关损耗和局部损耗带来的影响，并利用温控光纤环实时消除光纤损耗变化带来的测温误差。系统还可在传感光纤断裂后瞬时切换成单端注入模式对整条传感光纤进行温度监测。实验结果表明，系统在 15 ℃ ~210℃的温度范围内得到 0.9 ℃的测量精度。

提出并实验验证了一种基于取样环的雪崩光电二极管(APD)增益调节与温度校正拉曼光纤温度传感系统，通过比较取样环在测温线与基线上的信号偏差对APD 进行偏压调节，维持APD 增益基本恒定，保证系统信噪比和稳定性；并在此基础上针对环境变化等不确定因素造成的不可避免的APD 增益波动，以该取样环信号为参考信号对测温曲线进行校正解调，进一步提升系统测温精度。实验证明，较之传统的拉曼光纤温度传感系统，这种基于取样环的APD 增益调节和温度校正方案能有效消除APD 增益变化对传感系统的影响，显著提升系统在信噪比、稳定性和测温精确性等方面的性能，具有实用价值。

多普勒频移测量在电子战、雷达系统中有重要的应用。电域测量方法存在带宽受限、抗电磁干扰能力弱的缺陷。提出并实验验证一种光辅助法测量多普勒频移，在光域，采用双平行强度调制器进行光双边带载波抑制调制、光带通滤波、低频光电转换，最后在电域进行低频频谱分析，从而实现多普勒频移测量，有效解决了电域测量方法的缺陷。实验结果表明，在微波/毫米波频率7~40 GHz、多普勒频移1 kHz~10 MHz 实现了误差±46 Hz 的多普勒频移测量。

设计了一个高精度温控可调光栅滤波器。采用铝槽对光纤光栅进行封装，使光栅免受应变作用，然后使用高精度温控模块对铝槽封装的光栅进行温度控制，从而实现保持光纤光栅中心波长长期稳定的目的。该光纤滤波器温控模块采用三块温控芯片MAX1978并行工作的方式提高温控效果，温控精度可达0.1 ℃，动态范围10 ℃~40 ℃连续可调。在不同环境温度下测试光栅稳定性，光栅中心波长标准差为0.0016 nm。实验结果证明了该设计的可行性。

A high-speed 8-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system is designed to monitor safety of modern ships and applied to measure strain distribution of large thruster structure with 335-Hz maximum natural frequency. All the monitoring points are tested synchronously, and the data acquisition frequency is 1 000 Hz. The strain resolution of the system is 1 με with the measurement range of ±3 300 με. Results from the tests onshore and at sea are discussed together to accomplish prediction of the dynamic data. The max stress of the whole structure is more than 40 MPa. Experimental results are accordant with mechanical theories.

A high-precision temperature-controlled narrow band-stop fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter and light source self-calibration technique are proposed for application in the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) sensor system. With the proposed application, the BOTDR sensor system maintains good long-term stability and temperature precision through the reduction of the center wavelength drift in the FBG filters and corresponding decrease in the changes in light intensity. The experiment result shows that temperature precision of 1°C and temperature stability of 0.7°C can be achieved in a temperature sensor over a range of 8 km.

A dual-source distributed optical fiber sensor system with combined Raman and Brillouin scatterings is designed for simultaneous temperature and strain measurements. The optimal Raman and Brillouin signals can be separately obtained by adjusting the powers of the two sources using an optical switch. The temperature and strain can be determined by processing the optimal Raman and Brillouin signals. The experimental result shows that 1.7 ℃ temperature resolution and 60-με" strain resolution can be achieved at a 24.7-km distance.

A high-speed 8-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system is designed to monitor safety of modern ships and applied to measure strain distribution of large thruster structure with 335-Hz maximum natural frequency. All the monitoring points are tested synchronously, and the data acquisition frequency is 1 000 Hz. The strain resolution of the system is 1 με with the measurement range of ±3 300 με. Results from the tests onshore and at sea are discussed together to accomplish prediction of the dynamic data. The max stress of the whole structure is more than 40 MPa. Experimental results are accordant with mechanical theories.

提出了一种基于分布式布里渊光纤传感系统的温度快速测量方案。该方案基于外差相干检测原理，利用高速脉冲检波管对布里渊散射信号进行直接探测，从而缩短了测量时间；并结合累加平均与小波变换技术，减小了布里渊散射信号中的噪声，通过对去噪后的信号进行解调实现了长距离温度测量。实验结果表明，在24.8 km的长度范围内，温度测量误差小于3 ℃，测量时间小于3 s。